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winding [2023/12/27 17:06] (current) – [Winding] stan_zurek
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 +====== Winding ======
  
 +|< 100% >|
 +| //[[user/Stan Zurek]], Winding, Encyclopedia Magnetica//, \\ @PAGEL@   |
 +
 +**Winding** or **coil** - a length of [[wire]] or [[conductor]] wound in a specific shape, in order to achieve specific [[magnetism|magnetic]], [[electricity|electric]] or [[electromagnetism|electromagnetic]] properties of such configuration. The name "coil" typically implies a single coil, whereas "winding" could contain several coils, but this terminology is not strictly followed in various naming conventions.
 +
 +<box 30% left #f0f0f0>
 +Windings on a [[toroidal core]]
 +[[file/small_common-mode_choke_magnetica_jpg |{{small_common-mode_choke_magnetica.jpg }}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_sz}}
 +</box>
 +
 +Each loop of a winding is known as a [[turn]], and the number of turns is one of the basic characteristics of a winding. In some literature[(South>[[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Zc14AAAAQBAJ|CDX Automotive Publisher. South African Automotive Light Vehicle, Level 3, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2013, ISBN 9781449697853]])] (especially older publications[(Southern>[[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wprmAAAAMAAJ|Southern Engineer, Vol. 31, W.R.C. Smith Publishing Company, 1919]], {accessed 2020-08-01})]) the "turns" are referred to as "coils", which can be confusing. 
 +
 +In majority of designs the turns must be [[electrical insulator|electrically isolated]] from each other, as well as from the rest of the device (e.g. [[magnetic core]] and the surrounding medium). However, in some applications this is not required (e.g. in [[squirrel cage rotor|squirrel cage rotors]] of [[induction motor|induction motors]] and [[shaded-pole motor|shaded-pole motors]]).
 +
 +The conductor in a power-related winding is typically required to carry a substantial amount of [[electric current]] (e.g. for generation of [[magnetic field]]), so it has to have a sufficient [[cross-section area]]. Conversely, sensing coils might carry only very small signal, so they can be made from very thin conductors.  
 +
 +//The word "winding" also means "the process of winding", and for example there are magnetic cores wound from a magnetic sheet, tape or ribbon so they are referred to as [[wound core|wound cores]]. Obviously, this is a separate meaning, not directly related to the electrical coil as given in the main definition.//
 +
 +{{page>insert/paypal}}
 +
 +===== Types of windings =====
 +
 +|< 100% >|
 +| {{/wiki/logo.png?20&nolink}} //See also: [[List of types of windings and coils]].// |
 +
 +There is a plethora of different types of windings used in practice, for a multitude of purposes.[(Zurek>[[https://books.google.co.uk/books?isbn=9781351397087|S. Zurek, Characterisation of Soft Magnetic Materials Under Rotational Magnetisation, CRC Press, 2017, 9781351397087]] )] For example, the windings are optimised to:
 +  * achieve strong [[magnetic coupling]] for transferring energy ([[transformer]], [[autotransformer]], [[coupled inductor]], [[flyback transformer]], [[wireless power transfer]])
 +  * magnetise [[magnetic core]] to produce high value of [[flux density]] to convert [[electricity]] to [[mechanical force]] or vice versa ([[motor]], [[generator]], [[relay]] and [[electromagnetic actuator]])
 +  * to achieve the required value of [[inductance]] ([[inductor]], [[choke]], [[filter]], [[tuned circuit]], [[radio]], [[telecommunication]])
 +  * to produce high magnetic field for [[induction heating]]
 +  * to produce [[uniform magnetic field]] for research, scientific and medical purposes (e.g. [[electromagnet]], [[Helmholtz coil]], [[solenoid]])
 +  * to detect magnetic fields ([[sensor]], [[B-coil]], [[H-coil]], [[Rogowski coil]])
 +  * to provide [[electromagnetic shielding]] ([[flux band]])
 +  * to minimise the value of inductance ([[non-inductive resistor]], [[Ayrton-Perry winding]], [[bifilar winding]])
 +  * and many more.
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Winding in a [[magnetic circuit]]
 +[[file/magnetic_circuit_magnetica_png|{{magnetic_circuit_magnetica.png}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Types of windings: 1 - ordinary [[helical winding|helical]], 2 - [[bifilar winding|bifilar]], 3 - on a [[flat-former winding|flat former]], 4 - [[Ayrton-Perry winding|Ayrton-Perry]]
 +[[file/non-inductive_winding_magnetica_png|{{non-inductive_winding_magnetica.png}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Windings in [[3-phase transformer]]
 +[[file/3-phase_trafo_with_exposed_windings_-_magnetica_jpg|{{3-phase_trafo_with_exposed_windings_-_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +In [[induction motor]] the [[stator]] has typically wound copper coils and the [[rotor]] is made with cast aluminium "windings"
 +[[file/stator_and_rotor_of_induction_motor_magnetica_jpg|{{stator_and_rotor_of_induction_motor_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}} 
 +</box>
 +
 +
 +<WRAP clear></WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Winding in an [[autotransformer]]
 +[[file/variac_brush_magnetica_jpg |{{variac_brush_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}} 
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +[[Water-cooled coil]] for [[induction heating]]
 +[[file/induction_heating_of_bar_commons_jpg|{{induction_heating_of_bar_commons.jpg}}]]
 +<sub>//by Vector1 nz, CC-BY-SA-3.0//</sub>
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Winding in a large [[electromagnet]]
 +[[file/electromagnet_200mm_by_magneto_jpg|{{electromagnet_200mm_by_magneto.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Copper winding in a [[relay]]
 +[[file/relay_250v_8a_12v_magnetica_jpg|{{relay_250v_8a_12v_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<WRAP clear></WRAP>
 +
 +<box 90% left #f0f0f0>
 +Windings on the [[rotor]] of a [[synchronous generator]]: main windings around the [[salient pole|salient poles]] (in the middle) and [[exciter]] winding (on the right)
 +[[file/synchronous_stator_magnetica_jpg|{{synchronous_stator_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<WRAP clear></WRAP>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Winding made from a copper [[enamelled wire]] around a cylindrical [[ferrite core]] to make a [[choke]]
 +[[file/choke_magnetica_jpg|{{choke_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +[[Current transformer]] with a [[primary winding|primary]] (thick bar) and [[secondary winding]]
 +[[file/droop_ct_-_magnetica_jpg|{{droop_ct_-_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +<sub>//Copyrights © Jiangyin Spark Electronic Company//</sub>
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +[[Electronic transformer]] with an additional winding of an external [[shorted turn]] ([[flux band]]) for [[electromagnetic shielding]]
 +[[file/transformer_flux_band_magnetica_jpg|{{transformer_flux_band_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Anti-theft security tag with an [[antenna coil]] made out of conductive foil 
 +[[file/security_tag_foil_coil_magnetica_jpg|{{security_tag_foil_coil_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<WRAP clear></WRAP>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Winding in a current sensor ([[Rogowski coil]])
 +[[file/rogowski_coil_ends_magnetica_jpg|{{rogowski_coil_ends_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Winding in a [[fluxgate sensor]]
 +[[file/fluxgate_magnetometer_commercial_jpg|{{fluxgate_magnetometer_commercial.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +Winding made as tracks on a [[PCB]] 
 +[[file/pcb_h-coil_overview_jpg|{{2dmch6/pcb_h-coil_overview.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +<box 20% left #f0f0f0>
 +[[Ayrton-Perry winding]] is used to make [[non-inductive resistor|non-inductive resistors]] 
 +[[file/ayrton-perry_winding_magnetica_jpg|{{ayrton-perry_winding_magnetica.jpg}}]]
 +{{page>insert/by_SZ}}
 +</box>
 +
 +===== See also =====
 +  *[[Solenoid]]
 +
 +===== References =====
 +~~REFNOTES~~
 +
 +{{tag> Winding Coil Counter}}

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