User Tools

Site Tools


copper

Copper

Stan Zurek,Copper, Encyclopedia Magnetica,
http://www.e-magnetica.pl/doku.php/copper

Copper - metallic chemical element Cu exhibiting diamagnetism at room temperature and high electrical conductivity, second only to silver (apart from superconductors).1)2)

Owing to its low electrical resistivity, copper is widely used in industry in the form of conductors (busbars) and wires (winding wire).

Copper windings in 3-phase power transformer 3-phase_trafo_with_exposed_windings_-_magnetica.jpg
Copper winding in the stator of an induction motor stator_and_rotor_of_induction_motor_magnetica.jpg
Electronic inductor made with a copper wire

Physical properties of copper

There are many excellent sources in literature which specify properties of pure copper (with various level of purity), industrial copper wire (winding wire, or “magnet” wire), as well as copper alloys.3)4)5)6) The table below collects some frequently used technical data for pure copper (chemical element) as well as industrially used copper (e.g. for winding wires).

Copper, Cu
Magnetic properties
Type of magnetism 7) diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (volume) χvol,SI = –9.7 × 10–6
χvol,CGS = -7.7 × 10–7
Magnetic susceptibility (mass) χmass,SI = –1.081 × 10–9 m3/kg 8)9)
χmass,CGS = −0.086 × 10–6 emu/(g·Oe) 10)
Magnetic susceptibility (molar) 11) χmol,SI = –5.46 × 10–12 m3/mol
Relative magnetic permeability 0.999 990
Hall coefficient 12) -5.12 × 10-11 m3/C
Electric properties
Electrical resistivity (at 20 °C) 16.78 × 10-9 Ω·m (Cu pure)13)
17.24 × 10-9 Ω·m (Cu wire)14)
Electrical conductivity (at 20 °C) 58.005 × 106 S/m (Cu wire)
Thermal properties
Thermal coefficient of resistivity
(at 20 °C)15)
0.393 %/K
0.00393 1/K
Specific heat capacity
(mass heat capacity) 16)
384 J/(kg·K)
Volumetric heat capacity 3.44 × 106 J/(m3·K)
Molar heat capacity 17) 24.440 J/(mol·K)
Thermal conductivity 18) 388 W/(m·K) at 293 K
Melting temperature 19) 1085 °C
1358 K
Boiling temperature 20) 2562 °C
2835 K
Mechanical properties
Specific density 8960 kg/m3 (Cu pure)21)
8890 kg/m3 (Cu wire)22)
Coefficient of linear expansion 16.5 × 10-6 (1/K) (Cu pure)23)
16.8 × 10-6 (1/K) (Cu wire)24)
Chemical and physical properties
Molar density (molecular weight) 25) 0.0636 kg/mol
Molar volume (molecular weight) 26) 7080 mm3
Electronegativity (Pauling) 27) 1.90
Atomic properties
Atomic number 28) 29
Atomic weight 29) 63.546
Electron configuration 30) [Ar] 3d10 4s1
Atomic radius 31) van der Waals 0.196 nm
covalent 0.122 nm
→ → →
Helpful page? Support us!
→ → →
PayPal
← ← ←
Help us with just $0.10 per month? Come on… ;-)
← ← ←

Resistivity vs. temperature

Resistivity of copper (electrolytic) vs. temperature
T (K) ρ × 10-8 (Ω·m) T (°C)
1 0.002 -272
10 0.00202 -263
20 0.0028 -253
40 0.0239 -233
60 0.0971 -213
80 0.215 -193
100 0.348 -173
150 0.699 -123
200 1.046 -73
273 1.543 0
293 1.678 20
298 1.712 25
300 1.725 27
400 2.402 127
500 3.09 227
600 3.792 327
700 4.514 427
800 5.262 527
900 6.041 627
973 6.7 1246
1356 21.3 1629
References: for 1-900 K32)(p.12-42), 973-1356 K33)(p.141)

Thermal conductivity vs. temperature

Thermal conductivity of copper (electrolytic) vs. temperature
T (K) λ (W/(m·K)) T (°C)
4 330 -269
20 1300 -253
77 550 -196
194 400 -79
273 390 0
373 380 100
573 370 300
973 350 700
1273 336 1000
References: for 4-973 K34)(p.12-221), for 1273 K35)

Periodic table

Periodic table of chemical elements
1 H
hydro- gen
2 He
helium
3 Li
lithium
4 Be
beryll- ium
5 B
boron
6 C
carbon
7 N
nitro- gen
8 O
oxygen
9 F
fluor- ine
10 N
neon
11 Na
sodium
12 Mg
magne- sium
13 Al
alumi- nium
14 S
silicon
15 P
phos- phorus
16 S
sul- phur
17 Cl
chlo- rine
18 Ar
argon
19 K
pota- ssium
20 Ca
calc- ium
21 Sc
scan- dium
22 Ti
tita- nium
23 V
vanad- ium
24 Cr
chrom- ium
25 Mn
manga- nese
26 Fe
iron
27 Co
cobalt
28 Ni
nickel
29 Cu
copper
30 Zn
zinc
31 Ga
gallium
32 Ge
germa- nium
33 As
arsenic
34 Se
selen- ium
35 Br
bromine
36 Kr
krypton
37 Rb
rubid- ium
38 Sr
stron- tium
39 Y
yttrium
40 Zr
zirco- nium
41 Nb
niob- ium
42 Mo
molyb- denum
43 Tc
tech- netium
44 Ru
ruth- enium
45 Rh
rhod- ium
46 Pd
palla- dium
47 Ag
silver
48 Cd
cad- mium
49 In
indium
50 Sn
tin
51 Sb
anti- mony
52 Te
tell- urium
53 I
iodine
54 Xe
xenon
55 Cs
caes- ium
56 Ba
barium
* 72 Hf
haf- nium
73 Ta
tanta- lum
74 W
tung- sten
75 Re
rhen- ium
76 Os
osmium
77 Ir
iridium
78 Pt
plat- inum
79 Au
gold
80 Hg
mer- cury
81 Tl
thall- ium
82 Pb
lead
83 Bi
bis- muth
84 Po
polon- ium
85 At
asta- tine
86 Rn
radon
87 Fr
fran- cium
88 Ra
radium
104Rf
ruther- fordium
105Db
dub- nium
106Sg
seabo- rgium
107Bh
bohrium
108Hs
hassium
109Mt
meit- nerium
110Ds
darmst- adtium
111Rg
roent- genium
112Cn
coper- nicium
113Nh
nih- onium
114Fl
fler- ovium
115Mc
mos- covium
116Lv
liver- morium
117Ts
tenne- ssine
118Og
ogan- esson
lanthanides
* 57 La
lanth- anum
58 Ce
cerium
59 Pr
praseo- dymium
60 Nd
neo- dymium
61 Pm
prome- thium
62 Sm
samar- ium
63 Eu
europ- ium
64 Gd
gadol- inium
65 Tb
terb- ium
66 Dy
dyspr- osium
67 Ho
holm- ium
68 Er
erbium
69 Tm
thul- ium
70 Yb
ytter- bium
71 Lu
lute- tium
actinides
89 Ac
actin- ium
90 Tr
thor- ium
91 Pa
protac- tinium
92 U
uran- ium
93 N
neptu- nium
94 P
pluton- ium
95 Am
ameri- cium
96Cm
curium
97 Bk
berke- lium
98 Cf
cali- fornium
99 Es
einst- einium
100Fm
ferm- ium
101Md
mende- levium
102No
nobel- ium
103Lr
lawre- ncium


.

See also

References

This website uses cookies. By using the website, you agree with storing cookies on your computer. Also you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Privacy Policy. If you do not agree leave the website.More information about cookies
copper.txt · Last modified: 2023/12/23 22:02 by stan_zurek

Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International Donate Powered by PHP Valid HTML5 Valid CSS Driven by DokuWiki
Legal disclaimer: Information provided here is only for educational purposes. Accuracy is not guaranteed or implied. In no event the providers can be held liable to any party for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of this data.

For information on the cookies used on this site refer to Privacy policy and Cookies.